The Importance of Forecasting on Sales Management Decision Making

The Importance of Forecasting on Sales Management Decision Making Presentation as of late, the business condition has progressively gotten increasingly flighty. This has made it significant for associations over the globe to become watchful with regards to the issue of estimating. Truth be told, for any association to be effective in today’s business world, its strategies for anticipating the future in the key territories of its principle business must be improved ceaselessly. Else, it faces the danger of getting old. Guaging is along these lines, an instrument to be profoundly valued by the businesspersons of this century.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Importance of Forecasting on Sales Management Decision Making explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Forecasting is thusly the way toward assessing or foreseeing the future result of various business perspectives by utilization of authentic information. These business perspectives incorporate; deals, income, piece of the overall industry, benef its, costs and some more. Guaging is shaped from two words, â€Å"fore†: Al Etisal dispersion co. is one of the popular food and customer products Distribution Company in Baghdad. They have a more extensive scope of items. Sovereign frozen yogurt is one of their items that they begin selling since 2009. Deals have a consistent development and its seasons significantly affect the dessert deals. The executives anticipates that all out deals for 2012 should be 3200.Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Value frozen yogurt deals unit the board is required to set their figure for 2012. They should locate the most ideal route in assessing the interest for the frozen yogurt. The following are the verifiable deals information for Prince frozen yogurt throughout the previous three years The above model is profoundly influenced via seasons and hence the business figures need to consolidate the seasons in their detailing. It is likewise a case of a quantitative issue. Subsequently, time arrangement is relevant in this issue explicitly pattern projection and by utilization of an irregularity record (Agee,258). Month Sales by Case 2009 Sales by Case 2010 Sales by Case 2011 normal deal for the three years normal month to month request occasional file deals forecasts2012 Jan 30 33 42 35 186 0.188 50 Feb 28 32 49 36 186 0.196 52 Mar 35 47 55 46 186 0.246 66 Apr 55 67 90 71 186 0.380 101 May 194 180 209 194 186 1.046 279 Jun 290 280 376 315 186 1.698 453 Jul 459 504 703 555 186 2.990 797 Aug 350 490 543 461 186 2.482 662 Sep 189 227 290 235 186 1.267 338 Oct 76 142 188 135 186 0.729 194 Nov 62 109 97 89 186 0.481 128 Dec 42 56 68 55 186 0.298 79 all out normal deals 2229 absolute expected sales= 3200 Average month to month deals = all out normal deals/12 months= 2229/12 =186 Seasonal file = normal 3 years deals/normal month to month deals Causal models These models utilize the utilization relapse models to figure deals. They think of a rundown of factors that have impact on the deals of the item being referred to and through relapse; they plot the different prospects and thusly concoct solid estimates. Subjective models Delphi strategy utilizes the perspectives on different experts or specialists in the field who break down the circumstance and give their expert perspectives. Ordinarily, the gathering of specialists incorporates; key chiefs, staff, and the respondents. The staff and respondents give help dependent on their subject matters to the leaders, who thusly think o f the figures. Jury of official techniques utilizes the assessments of a jury comprised of elevated level directors and key chiefs to make conjectures. The gathering may anyway get support from other specialized experts who give foundation data to aid dynamic. Other subjective strategies incorporate; deals power composite and purchaser showcase study. The last uses buyer conclusions while the previous utilizes the assessments of the salespersons to think of deals conjectures (Pinney,56). End In outline, deals estimating is a significant fixing to accomplishment in the current and future business world. In this manner, the executives needs to put accentuation on it to receive the rewards attached to the use of these instruments. The executives needs to continue improving their way to deal with this procedure to stay significant. Agee, Marvin H. Quantitative Analysis for Management Decisions. London: Prentice Hall, 2001. Anderson, David R and Dennis Sweeny. Quantitative Methods for Bu siness. Chicago: South-Western College, 2009. Hiller, Fredrick S and Mark S Hiller. Prologue to Management Science: A Modeling and Case Studies Approach with Spreadsheets. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. Pinney, William E. The executives Science: An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis for Management. Toronto: Harpercollins College , 2000. Render, Barry, Ralph M Stair and Michael E Hanna. Quantitative Analysis for Management. London: Prentice Hall, 2011. Taylor, Bernard R. Prologue to Management Science. London: Prentice Hall, 2009.

Free Essays on Submission

A few writers we have perused center around the connection among sexual orientation and financial matters. In both â€Å"Roselily† composed by Alice Walker and â€Å"Another Evening at the Club† composed by Alifa Rifaat, we can perceive how financial matters/class shapes the sexual orientation connections among ladies and their spouses, and how it reveals ulterior intentions in marriage. Despite the fact that these accounts are set in various occasions and better places, they convey a typical subject. Both of these accounts depict ladies who surrender to men for budgetary security. In â€Å"Another Evening at the Club†, an orchestrated marriage gives budgetary security to a little youngster and her family. The story starts with the gathering of a man and the protagonist’s father to talk about the settlement for his little girl: â€Å"It was just a couple of years back that she had first looked at him at her father’s house, meeting his look that weighed up her excellence and evaluated it before offering the dowry† (382). Rifaat recounts to the tale of a young lady wedded to a man 2-3 times her age for the monetary advantage of her family on the reason that she would live without money related concerns. â€Å"â€Å"You’re a fortunate girl,† her mom advised her. â€Å"He’s a genuine find. Any young lady would be glad to have him. He’s an Inspector of Irrigation however he’s not yet 40†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (383). Her mom realized that a man who earned a major pay and had completely outfitted government lodgi ng would spare the family the costs they would have needed to cover, had lodging not as of now been given. Being hitched to a man with monetary status would make an agreeable status for her, just as budgetary security for the family. Her family’s backing of the course of action appeared to not concentrate on her adoration for her future spouse, however more so for the cash they would get in return for the marriage. â€Å"On her wedding night, as he put a precious stone arm band around her wrist, he advised her that she was wedding somebody with a splendid profession before... Free Essays on Submission Free Essays on Submission A few writers we have perused center around the connection among sexual orientation and financial matters. In both â€Å"Roselily† composed by Alice Walker and â€Å"Another Evening at the Club† composed by Alifa Rifaat, we can perceive how financial aspects/class shapes the sexual orientation connections among ladies and their spouses, and how it reveals ulterior intentions in marriage. In spite of the fact that these accounts are set in various occasions and better places, they convey a typical subject. Both of these accounts depict ladies who surrender to men for budgetary security. In â€Å"Another Evening at the Club†, an orchestrated marriage gives monetary security to a little youngster and her family. The story starts with the gathering of a man and the protagonist’s father to talk about the share for his little girl: â€Å"It was just a couple of years prior that she had first looked at him at her father’s house, meeting his look that weighed up her excellence and valued it before offering the dowry† (382). Rifaat recounts to the tale of a young lady wedded to a man 2-3 times her age for the monetary advantage of her family on the reason that she would live without money related concerns. â€Å"â€Å"You’re a fortunate girl,† her mom advised her. â€Å"He’s a genuine find. Any young lady would be glad to have him. He’s an Inspector of Irrigation however he’s not yet 40†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (383). Her mom realized that a man who earned a major pay and had completely outfitted government lodging would spare the family the costs they would have needed to cover, had lodging not as of now been given. Being hitched to a man with monetary status would make an agreeable status for her, just as money related security for the family. Her family’s backing of the plan appeared to not concentrate on her affection for her future spouse, yet more so for the cash they would get in return for the marriage. â€Å"On her wedding night, as he put a precious stone arm band around her wrist, he advised her that she was wedding somebody with a splendid vocation before...

Dont forget to connect with us on the road (or virtually) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Dont forget to connect with us on the road (or virtually) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Im currently sitting in the backseat of a jet black Dodge minivan, traveling with four of my colleagues at peer institutions on the East Coast. (The G5: Columbia SIPA, Princeton Woody Woo, Georgetown MSFS, Tufts Fletcher, and Johns Hopkins SAIS.) Weve greedily piled our luggage and boxes of flyers, booklets, and pens in the trunk. The weight of it all occasionally skids from side-to-side when the van takes a curve a little too sharply. As I peek at the speedometer, I confirm my suspicions that were traveling a little faster than the posted speed limit in South Carolina. Were on a mission to meet with as many schools as we can in a limited amount of time, and sometimes that includes waking up before sunrise, skipping breakfast and bathroom breaks, and driving as efficiently (and safely) as possible. This week, were driving across the Southeast United States we started in Atlanta, GA and well end in Raleigh, NC. Im on this trip in hopes of connecting with potential Seeples whom I wouldnt have the opportunity to meet with otherwise. SIPA and the other schools knows that not everyone can trek out to NYC, Boston, D.C., or Princeton as they weigh their graduate school options. So we do what we can to meet with students and young professionals both across the U.S. and abroad every year. While Im in the van, Grace is currently in Qatar and the United Arab Emrites, and Dianes visiting D.C. and Chicago. And weve got plenty more visits scheduled this fall: Seattle, Los Angeles, Jakarta, Paris, and Mexico City, to name a few. To see where else well be, review our Receuitment Calendar. Just like my trip this week, several of the stops on the calendar are in parternship with the G5. So chances are youll get to meet with more than one school at the same event (the event details will mention if its a group trip.) If you missed our visit or if we didnt make it to your part of the globe, there are still ways to get in touch. We have a few joint, virtual information sessions planned on Oct. 12, Nov. 22, and Dec. 7, as well as our own SIPA virtual information sessions. And if you REALLY want us to stop by for a visit, make a compelling case for it by sending me a message through the blogs SUBMIT AN IDEAform. Ill add it to the discussion pile for when we plan our visits for next year.

Life of Anne Moody Essays - 1044 Words

Anne Moody has gone through such an exceptionally eventful life that she was able to transform it into a powerful book, A Coming of Age in Mississippi. All of Annes childhood not only prepared her for her involvement in the movement during the 1960s, but also kept her inspired and motivated. Anne Moody sees a lot of ups and downs, which causes her to have depressing set backs from time to time. As told through out the book, describing her first twenty-four-years, her uncertainty is justified, yet overall the book does tell a story of success, found not only in Annes personal life but also in the country. By understanding that in order for the movement to be a success and for there to be hope in the future some drastic changes must†¦show more content†¦Anne was immediately confused by their presence because they seemed to be just like her except for skin color. On one occasion all the children were playing together in the lobby of a movie theater. Anne was with some loca l white children playing, but when it was time to enter the movie lobby the white children went in one direction and Anne went in after her friends. Her disapproving mother quickly stopped Anne and they left the theater. Before this instance Anne had never considered the coincidence that all the white children watched the movie from the bottom terrace and all the African America children from the top terrace. While thinking about the difference Anne realized that the bottom terrace and side entrance was much more luxurious than the raggedy top terrace, where she and her mother usually sat (38-2). After this the difference in skin color became much more apparent to her in everyday life. Anne was motivated to find the answers as to why she was treated differently because of the color of her skin. Several years later Anne was fifteen and working for Mrs. Burke, a white lady that ran guild meetings out of her house. By this time the town had began to have misfortunate events happen to African Americans. It seemed as if they were being ran out of town or murdered one by one. A boy named Emmitt Till, Annes age, had been murdered for supposedly disrespecting an older white woman. This took a large impact on Anne, and her mother put a fear inShow MoreRelatedLife Span On Anne Moody1486 Words   |  6 PagesIn Coming of Age in Mississippi, the life span on Anne Moody’s experiences are discussed. The story vividly discussed events from her childhood into her adulthood. Anne’s evolutionary journey is similar to my own’s in several ways. We share similarities in the environments in which we grew up in, the mindset we both had, and the effect both of these had on our personal growth. Although, her evolution was parallel and symbolized the development of the civi l rights movement, we still shared similaritiesRead MoreComing Of Age : Mississippi Is An Autobiography Of The Life Of Anne Moody1382 Words   |  6 PagesComing of age in Mississippi is an autobiography of the life of Anne Moody. She grew up poor and Black in the rural south and how that turned her into an activist for black rights. The book was divided into four parts, her childhood, high school years, college life, and adult life during the movement. Anne grew up in a family that was victimized; they suffered from poverty, hunger, and the difficulties of farm life, low wages, childhood labor, colorism conflicts, and a lack of a father figure. TheRead MoreWhat are the most Difficult Obstacles to Black Progress in the Jim Crow South?1263 Words   |  6 PagesFor Anne Moody, what were some of the most difficult obstacles to black progress—both within and outside of the African-American community—in the Jim Crow South? What degree of success did she and others achieve in addressing those obstacles? What was her perspective on her own past and future, and on the past and future of her country, by the book’s end? The dictionary defines racism as â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produceRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement1550 Words   |  7 PagesGrowing up in rural Mississippi during a time of racial segregation Anne Moody had experiences that were extremely different then other children at the time. The gender-based and economic hardships she faced were factors that played a role in her experiences as a child. Her childhood experiences shaped her views and actions as she was fighting against the racial inequality in her home state and her views on racism as a whole in America. Her childhood and high school years were a series of eventsRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Dial, 1968. Print.† Anne Moody was a determined, educated, and an inspiring civil rights activist who was born in Gloster, Mississippi . Born on September 15th, 1940-passed away February 5th, 2015 Anne Moody dedicated her life to making the United States a better place for not only African American’s, but pleaded for equality amongst all races as well. Awarded best book of the year in 1969 by the National Library Association, Anne Moody writesRead MoreAnne Moody Coming Of Age In Mississippi1626 Words   |  7 PagesAnne Moody’s autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, depicts the various stages of her life from childhood, to high school, then to college, and ends with her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. In the novel, Anne tells the reader her story through events, conversations, and emotional struggles. The reader can interpret various elements of cultural knowledge that Anne Moody learned from her family and community as a child. Her understanding of the culture and race relations of the timeRead MoreEssay about The Expansion of the Great Black Migration1253 Words   |  6 Pagesco mmunities in New York City, the crusade for justice pushed blacks to participate in fine arts such as music, dance, writing, and painting. Participation in fine arts mostly helped literary writers during the Harlem Renaissance to express music and life experiences through their writing. Black musicians also helped in the expansion of the black cultural explosion in America. Famed artists such as Duke Ellington and Charlie Parker help lead new innovative ideas in creating music that helped blacksRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody is the author of Coming of Age in Mississippi which was originally published in 1968. Anne Moody is a famous African American Mississippi author who was born in Wilkinson County, Mississippi on September 15, 1940. She was the eldest of nine children born to Fred and Elnire Moody. While growing up in Mississippi, Moody attended a segregated school where she was an outstanding scholar. Moody cleaned houses in order to keep food on the table and clothes on her family members’ backs. In 1961Read MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi, By Anne Moody1554 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the heart of the nation and only got worse the more south you go. In Anne Moody’s autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Moody’s life is told through her eyes. It goes through her childhood until her participation in the Civil Rights movement. One of the major parts in the book is her slowly realizing the racial divide in America and the disadvantages that her skin color had come with. All the racism Moody experienced as a child until she was an adolescent led to her decision to becomeRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi Essay806 Words   |  4 Pageswasnt turbulent enough, Anne Moody grew up during a crucial time in American History. It was during this time that race and civil rights took center stage in her home state of Mississippi. Young women face many physical and emotional changes during their teenage years, regardless of when and where they grew up. However, for Anne Moody, and other young black women, there was the instability in race relations to deal with as well. During her younger childhood years, Anne was never exposed to the

Essay on Spanish Civil War The White Terror - 3295 Words

The White terror that occurred in Spain during and after the Spanish Civil War refers to the actions carried out by the Nationalist regime. Among these actions were politically motivated acts of violence, rape, and murder. Such brutality was used because the Nationalist Movement believed that they needed to cleanse the country of all leftist ideologies. Lfhe purge of the nation did not stop with the wars end because there were still those individuals who refused to change their beliefs and accept the Nationalist way of life. The post-war White Terror was the beginning of new policies that lead to economic collapse, the spread and takeover of the Catholic Church as well as social changes that did away with individuality. The White Terror†¦show more content†¦The association of pain and suffering with the political views of the Republicans caused people to change their beliefs out of fear for their lives. Emilio Mola believed that is was necessary to spread terror throughout the country so that there would be a sense of mastery instilled upon the people.2 It was necessary for the leaders of the revolutions to be feared so that they would be respected by the people of the country when the war was finished. It was also necessary to do this so his men would continue to fight for him. Ifmercy was to be shown by Mola, the chances of a Nationalist victory would have been drastically reduced. This is because the soldiers would have also been merciful, which would also of caused them to have lost. Interest in their cause for the war. A loss of interest would have meant defeat for the nationalists because soldiers would have given up and the opposition to leftist ideas would have died out. The late stages of the White terror that occurred during the rule of Francisco Franco had caused Spain to appear as if it were a prison. Anyone who opposed or spoke out against the dictatorship was right before the military courts where they were most likely to be condemned or imprisoned. 3 .All other political parties were abolished so that there would be no opposition tof-e ilie Nationalist policies. All labor unions were also abolished because they were believed to be leftist in nature. Regional languages such as BasqueShow MoreRelatedHistory Essay Spanish Civil War941 Words   |  4 PagesWhat were the key effects of the Spanish Civil War? Spanish Civil War was war which lasted from 1936 to 1939. For the Spanish it was â€Å"total† war, because whole available arms, weapons, economy and other sectors of country were included in this war. But the Spanish Civil War was â€Å"limited† war for foreign powers, since they hadn’t been directly included into the conflict. In this war the new technology was very significant, especially dominance of the airpower. Control of the sea was very importantRead MorePablo Picasso s Works Of Art1047 Words   |  5 Pagesof art were not meant to only argue coherence but also a strong level of feels. One of his most famous paintings that evokes a strong sense of feeling is Guernica. In Guernica, Picasso returns to his cubist style of painting to depict the agony of war through fragmented bodies, geometric shapes, and grayish color tones while also demonstrating his strong opposition to the political dimension at Guernica and demanding a call for action against the Fas cists. The great impact of Guernica had was dueRead MorePablo Picasso s Influence On Art1612 Words   |  7 Pagescreations represent history and society of his time. But â€Å"Guernica,† which Picasso painted in response to tragedy and the loss of life, directly related to the Spanish civil-war. â€Å"Guernica† was one of the masterpieces created by Picasso, probably the 20th century s most negative symbol of the horrors. It was a also signal for the terrors of the future. When the Nazi troops dropped a bomb on the Basque village of Guernica in northern Spain, at that time nobody imagined this kind of act in realityRead MoreWeeping Woman746 Words   |  3 Pagesdiamonds. Diamond shaped tears are also the nails of her hands, held up to her face in fright. With a single image Picasso expresses a complex array of human anguish; terror, despair, outrage, hysteria, and death. The sad and dark eyed woman is Picassos lover Dora Maar, but the woman is also a symbol of a victim of war or a witness to the war in Spain spreading throughout Europe in 1937. Weeping Woman stands as a strong, iconic denouncement of the atrocities and inhumanity of modern warfare. The sharpRead MoreGuernica By Pablo Picasso And Executions Of Art879 Words   |  4 Pagesis intriguing. The implicit and explicit similarities and differences between these two historical pieces are astonishing. â€Å"Guernica†, which was created in 1937 was Picasso’s reaction to the bombing of a Spanish city that the name of the work derived its name from. During the Spanish Civil War, Germany had supported the Nationalists side and provided them with weapons and other supplies, so when Adolf Hitler requested land to test new weapons and tactics on how could General Francisco Franco refuseRead MoreEssay about History1475 Words   |  6 PagesPart I: Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. Revolutionary France a. Burdened by debt from the Seven Years’ War and French support for the American Revolution, King Louis XVI needed to raise taxes, so he agreed to convene the , which met in 1789 at Versailles. Led by the —those outside the aristocracy or church— a new was declared on June 17, 1789. Its members swore, in the TennisRead MoreEssay on Hst276 R2 Week51516 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment; double-check that you completed each page before submitting. Part I: Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. Revolutionary France a. Burdened by debt from the Seven Years’ War and French support for the American Revolution, King Louis XVI needed to raise taxes, so he agreed to convene the Estates General, which met in 1789 at Versailles. Led by the Third Estates —those outside the aristocracy or church— a new nationalRead MoreGuernica, By Pablo Picasso750 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Guernica† by Pablo Picasso was a black and white, mural oil painting created in June of 1937 on a 349 cm Ãâ€" 776 cm (137.4 in Ãâ€" 305.5 in) canvas. The piece represents the chaos that flooded the Spanish town of Guernica after a vicious bombing by the German and Italian forces during the Spanish Civil War. What followed was a senseless slaughter and bloodshed with the primary focus being the demoralization of the Basque people. The painting depicts suffering people, animals, and buildings wrenchedRead MoreAntigovernment Statements through Painting1114 Words   |  5 Pagesof such anti governmental statements is Picasso’s painting Guernica, which represents a passionate attack on Spain’s fascist government by the Spanish artist living in Paris. It portrays a scene of the German bombing, in 1937, of Guernica, the Basque capital of Northern Spain, during the Spanish civil war, and became a universal symbol of the atrocity of war. The scene is set within a room where, at an open end on the left, a bull flails its tail as it stands over a woman grieving over the deadRead More Jean-Paul Sartre Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pageshas been committed. Jean-Paul Sartre’s â€Å"The Wall† reflects his philosophy and personal experiences. He worked for the French resistance and was imprisoned by the Germans during WWII. The story takes place during the Spanish Civil War in an old hospital being used by the Spanish Fascist’s to house prisoners. â€Å"The Wall† is told from a first person, stream of consciousness point-of-view, and uses existentialist philosophy, to illuminate the follies of totalitarian governments like Fascism, and

Csr of Mnc Free Essays

string(215) " Enhancement Programme to improve the nutritional quality of food and beverage products by assessing the level of four nutrients \(based on international guidelines\) – Saturated Fats, Trans Fats, Salt and Sugar\." Table of Contents INTRODUCTION1 UNILEVER2 PHILANTHROPY DETAILS2 CSR IN BUSINESS PROCESS3 DEALING WITH SUPPLIERS3 CONTRIBUTING TO THE COMMUNITY4 REDUCTION IN ACCIDENT RATE4 SOURCING OF RAW MATERIAL4 SIGNATORY ISSUES5 AWARDS5 UNILEVER IN INDIA5 PROJECT SHAKTI5 SANJIVINI6 PROCTER GAMBLE6 PHILANTHROPY DETAILS7 CSR IN BUSINESS PROCESS8 CSR: COMPANY POLICIES9 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (FMCG)10 CITIGROUP INC. 11 PHILANTHROPY DETAILS11 FINANCIAL LITERACY11 Microfinance12 Community Relations12 ‘Plant-a-Tree’ initiative12 CSR IN BUSINESS PROCESS12 Diversity12 Technology13 Climate Change13 Environment and Social Risk Management Policy (ESRM)14 SIGNATORY INITIATIVES14 HSBC15 CSR AT HSBC15 GLOBAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES16 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (BANKING)18 VODAFONE19 CSR IN BUSINESS PROCESS19 COMPLIANCE WITH GRI GUIDELINES22 CONCLUSION23 REFERENCES24 Introduction Within the world of business, the main â€Å"responsibility† for corporations has historically been to make money and increase shareholder value. Although for decades, business has also been engaged in charity, philanthropy, and civic activities including social investments in health. We will write a custom essay sample on Csr of Mnc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many times these investments were less than strategic, and were not directed to real social change. Is then Corporate social responsibility planting trees in some vague corner of the world or supporting a certain cause? Today, business understands â€Å"doing well by doing good,† In the last few years, a movement defining broader corporate responsibilities– for the environment, for local communities, for working conditions, and for ethical practices–has gathered momentum and taken hold. The era of new corporate responsibilities have emerged. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is about how businesses align their values and behavior with the expectations and needs of stakeholders – not just customers and investors, but also employees, suppliers, communities, regulators, special interest groups and society as a whole. CSR demands that businesses manage the economic, social and environmental impacts of their operations to maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides. CSR is not only about fulfilling a duty to society; it should also bring competitive advantage. Through an effective CSR programme, companies can: †¢improve access to capital sharpen decision-making and reduce risk †¢enhance brand image †¢uncover previously hidden commercial opportunities, including new markets †¢reduce costs †¢attract, retain and motivate employees But in India most of the CSR Activities are philanthropic in nature, but globally it forms only a small percentage of total CSR. What if Indian companies also s tarted looking at CSR as more than money donations and can we push them. this where CSRidentity is positioning itself. CSRIdentity is a resource that can be used to †¢teach managers and to-be-managers about â€Å"the real† CSR provide a tool/resource/database for CSR depts to refer to for CSR activities †¢Highlight â€Å"good† CSR practices from cos. to motivate them †¢use this to motivate Indian cos to match global standards CSRidentity. com Services a. Project identity for the corporate b. Project identity for the brands c. NGO Research d. CSR Research The first purpose of CSRidentity. com is to build capacity of the corporates on CSR. And the second purpose is to help corporates project their identity. The portal takes the mode of information, research, analysis, views and interviews. It invites thought leaders to share a path which can be followed by others, share innovations in business, and share what went wrong. And while doing this, it will ensure that corporates think of the larger purpose than being myopic money makers. CSRidentity. com has rich information on CSR in philanthropy, CSR in business processes, CSR policies, Global trends in CSR †¦ It plan to share CSR case studies of all the global fortune 500 companies, leading 200 Indian companies SMEs, and leading companies in about 20 countries. Each case study offers great learning and replication potential. Unilever Unilever is a Fortune 500 company and a global leader in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) category. As Unilever products touch a huge number of consumers worldwide every day, the company believes it has an opportunity to impact many lives through its CSR program. Globally Unilever lays more emphasis on CSR in the true sense i. e. a reduced emphasis on philanthropy. To ensure this, all brand managers in Unilever constantly work towards initiating CSR Initiatives for their brand to reduce the impact of its brands on the environment. Mission : Unilever’s mission is to add Vitality to life. To meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. To understand the vast program, it has been categorised into sub categories which include initiatives in Philanthropy, Business Processes, Impact on Environment, Company Policies and Signatory Issues. Philanthropy Details Food Donation In 2005, nearly two billion pounds of food and grocery products were provided through the Second Harvest network. Available through food pantries, soup kitchens, emergency shelters and other distributions centres, the foods helped over 25 million Americans stave off the risk of hunger. Nine million of these were children. Unilever’s product donations made up 7. 6 million pounds of the charity’s total food basket – a threefold increase on our previous year’s donation. In total, Unilever US gives away products worth around $12. 5 million every year, around 70% of which goes to the Second Harvest’s hunger-relief work. Donations during Natural Disasters – Katrina and Rita Unilever donated $1 million to relief efforts following the hurricanes – divided equally between the American Red Cross and the Salvation Army. Employees also dug deep, contributing over $600,000 as part of a matching-gift programme. Conservation of National Parks In May 2008, Unilever contributed grants of over $240,000 to 12 national parks across the United States in an effort to aid wild life preservation. Orphaned and Abused Child Welfare Unilever donated an industrial washing machine to the Durban’s Children Society which is a care centre for children in the age group of 8-18 years and have been orphaned, abused or neglected. The washing machine helps fulfil the cleaning needs for over 60 children in the society on a daily basis. Child Education Unilever donated $1 million for the Families of Freedom Scholarship fund – a fund initiated to assist the education of children who lost parents to the September 11 attacks. CSR in Business Process Nutrition Value in Food Products Unilever initiated the Nutritional Enhancement Programme to improve the nutritional quality of food and beverage products by assessing the level of four nutrients (based on international guidelines) – Saturated Fats, Trans Fats, Salt and Sugar. You read "Csr of Mnc" in category "Papers" The move has resulted in several changes in products like: †¢Reduction of 20% added sugar in brands for children such as twister †¢Reduction in salt levels in soup products from European markets by 10% †¢Breyers Ice cream launched a fat free range in North America with 50% less saturated fats Initiating Hygiene Unilever believes in developing products that would deliver benefits to people and make a difference to their health while promoting best practices for hygiene by partnering with local, government and international bodies. Behaviour change is a high priority on Unilever’s campaign and includes The Global Handwashing Day Campaign by Lifebuoy, Safe Drinking Water – Pureit, Improving Oral Health Care – Pepsodent and Close Up, Enhancing Self Esteem and Better Skin – Dove and Vaseline. Influence on Consumers Includes inculcating best practices among consumers (Hygiene Campaign), Promoting outdoor learning and development in children (Dirt is Good Campaign), breaking stereotypes (Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign) Dealing with Employees The company lays emphasis on certain key areas of employees such as Leadership Development, Health and Safety of Employees, People Vitality, Global Diversity, Continued focus on Gender, Diversity Planning and Listening to employees. Dealing with Suppliers The expectations of Unilever’s suppliers are codified in the Business Partner Code. It specifies guidelines which suppliers must follow in order to continue business with Unilever which include health and safety of workers, labour standards, consumer safety and impact on the environment. Unilever also conducts a Supplier Audit Programme to identify areas of improvement and non compliance. Contributing to the Community Unilever measures its contribution to the community using the London Benchmarking Group model. In 2008 a total of 91 million Euros was contributed to commercial initiatives in the community (27%), social investment (35%) and charitable donations (38%) with the greatest emphasis on health (52%) and Educations (13%). Reduction in accident rate Unilever has continuously strived to reduce the accident rate at its production centres. It has succeeded in reducing the accident rate from 0. 26 to 0. 21 per 100,000 hours worked over one year. CSR in Company Policies Advertising The company policy restricts marketers from using ‘size zero’ models in any of the ad campaigns of Unilever. Sourcing of Raw Material Unilever has decided to purchase all palm oil from certified sustainable sources only, in this regard it has already purchased the first batch in November 2008. It has also decided to procure tea for Lipton bags only from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms by 2015. Choice of Suppliers Unilever has a stringent expectations manual which their suppliers are expected to adhere to, if they wish to continue business with Unilever. The company has identified eleven parameters for the suppliers to adhere under the sustainable agriculture policy. Already a third of the suppliers have registered with the electronic system to adhere to the norms. CO2 Emission control The company has targeted to reduce emission by 25% measured per tonne from production plan by 2012. Water Conservation The company has also committed to reduce water usage in the production process, during the years 1995-08 the company has reduced water consumption by 63%. It has also introduced product variants like Surf in India which equired less water to wash clothes to conserve water. PVC Usage The company has decided to eliminate the use of PVC (where sustainable alternatives are available) in an effort to reduce the impact of PVC on the environment. Waste Reduction Through the continuous efforts of the company, the production process has reduced its waste per tonne of production by 68% in the 1995-2008 period. Signatory Issues Global Compact Uni lever has instituted a senior management position to ensure that labour standards are upheld and the company continues to support the UN Global Compact’s principles on human and labour rights. This aspect has been given high priority by the executive committee. GRI The assessment of Unilever’s Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting has been certified to be B+. The same has been verified by third party – Corporate Citizenship. Awards †¢Awarded Two ‘Good Egg’ awards by Animal Welfare NGO Compassion in World Farming in recognition of their decision to source eggs only from cage free sources †¢Unilever was awarded for the tenth year running, the leader in food sector in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Secured the Platinum standard award in the UK Business Community Corporate Responsibility Index †¢Included in Global 100 Most Sustainable corporations in the world for the fifth year running, a 2009 list compiled by Corporate Knights and Innovest Strategic Value Advisors †¢Gained joint first place in VBDO (Association for Investors in Sustainable Enterprises) 2008 rating for sustainable supply chain management, ahead of 34 o ther companies listed on the Dutch Stock Exchange Unilever in India Commitment to UN Global Compact HUL has separately reaffirmed its commitment to the UN Global Compact and its ten principles. They support institutionalization of the principles enshrined in the Global compact amongst companies in India and are a founder member of the UN Global Compact Society of India. Project Shakti Hindustan Unilever’s Project Shakti is a rural initiative that targets small villages populated by less than 2000 individuals. It is a unique win-win initiative that catalyses rural affluence even as it benefits business. Lifebuoy Swastya Chetna Lifebuoy Swastya Chetna (LBSC) is a rural health and hygiene initiative which was started in 2002. LBSC was initiated in media dark villages (in UP, MP, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Orissa) with the objective of spreading awareness about the importance of washing hands with soap. Fair and Lovely Foundation The Fair Lovely (FAL) Foundation aims at economic empowerment of women across India by providing information, resources and support in the areas of education, career and enterprise. It specifically targets women from low-income groups. Sanjivini HUL started Sanjivani – a free mobile medical service camp in the year 2003 near its Doom Dooma factory in Assam. The aim was to provide free mobile medical facility to the interior villagers in Assam. This was done keeping in mind the lack of quality medical facilities available in the villages in and around Doom Dooma. PROCTER GAMBLE Procter Gamble Co. is a Fortune 500, American MNC headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio As of 2008, P is the 8th largest corporation in the world by market capitalization and 14th largest by profit. It manufactures a wide range of consumer goods. It has one of the strongest portfolios of trusted, quality, leadership brands including Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Whisper, Pantene, MACH3, Bounty, Dawn, Gain, Pringles, Folgers, Charmin, Downy, Lenor, Iams, Crest, Oral-B, Actonel, Duracell, Olay, Head Shoulders, wella, Gillette, Braun, and Fusion Vision: Be, and be recognized as, the best consumer products and services company in the world. Purpose: Company wants to be the innovation leader in every business, product category and country where P competes. P views sustainability as a significant responsibility — and a continual source of opportunity. 2012 SUSTAINABILITY GOALS OF P Strategy 1: Products Develop and market at least $20 billion in cumulative sales of â€Å"sustainable innovation products,† which are products with a significantly reduced (;10%) environmental footprint versus previous or alternative products. Strategy 2: Operations Deliver an additional 10% reduction (per unit production) in CO2 emissions, energy consumption, water consumption and disposed waste from P plants, leading to a total reduction over the decade of at least 40%. Strategy 3: Social Responsibility Enable 250 million children to Live, Learn and Thrive. Prevent 80 million days of disease and save 10,000 lives by delivering 2 billion liters of clean water through Children’s Safe Drinking Water program Strategy 4: Employees Engage and equip all P employees to build sustainability thinking and practices into their everyday work. Strategy 5: Stakeholders Shape the future by working transparently with stakeholders to enable continued freedom to innovate in a responsible way. P follows CSR activities in following categories Philanthropy Details Education Over the past 12 years, P has built over 140 schools across rural China, helping tens of thousands of children access better education facilities and an improved learning environment. Through this program, P builds and maintains facilities, trains teachers, and provides health and hygiene education programs. P Hope Schools engage employees on multiple levels, even encouraging participation from employees’ families. It uses cause-related marketing efforts, more than 320,000 retail outlets and 100 million consumers have also supported P Hope Schools. Shiksha (India) Through Shiksha, which means â€Å"education,† P is providing children in 15 cities and 75 villages across India with access to education. This program commits a portion from the sale of P brands toward the education of children in need in India. P India has also launched the Shiksha Ambassador Program, allowing employees to lead a word-of-mouth campaign to raise awareness of the issue. Infant health Pampers/1 Pack = 1 Vaccine campaign helps babies in underdeveloped regions, especially Africa, get off to a healthy start. Each time a consumer purchases a package of Pampers, a vaccination is provided via UNICEF to a child in need. So far, more than 50 million vaccinations have been funded. P hopes to eradicate maternal and neonatal tetanus through this effort, saving tens of millions of lives. Safe Drinking Water Children’s Safe Drinking Water initiative provides safe drinking water for children in need around the world, with an emphasis in Africa. It provides emergency relief and establishes safe drinking water technology to children and their families. This program is on the ground in developing nations such as Uganda, Kenya and Malawi. Thus far, technology has provided more than a billion liters of clean drinking water. Goal is to provide up to 2 billion liters of water by 2012. Community Welfare Enfance Mal-Logee (France) Program supports families with children living in sub-standard housing. This Live, Learn and Thrive program helps move families from sub-standard living conditions to safe, accessible housing, allowing children to stay with their families rather than being placed in orphanages. T. O. U. C. H. Together for Our Community Here) program has resulted in thousands of hours of voluntary work to help disabled, sick, and underprivileged children in Geneva. CSR In Business Process Waste Management P Gattatico Plant instituted a â€Å"War on Waste† program in January 2008 to reduce the trend in liquid waste due to increasing change-over sanitizations as production lines â€Å"produced to demand. † Gattatico i s a waste â€Å"lead site† for EMEA. At the end of FY 07/08 the site avoided 3,000 tons of disposed liquid waste. By the end of FY 08/09 they plan to reduce by another 2,200 tons. This plan will have over a 50 percent reduction impact on the waste footprint by FY11/12. The key interventions include: recycling wash water back into the process; improved washout procedures; and adding wastewater treatment to reduce the COD levels prior to sewer discharge. Energy saving and Emission reduction P operations pioneered breakthrough technologies to reduce energy consumption. Among the simple, low-cost steps were the following: oUsing water spray instead of electric power to cool water oRecovering waste heat from washout and sanitization water Using high-efficiency long-life lighting Over the year, these changes helped to reduce mean output energy by 6 –10 percent for each site. They are currently being reapplied across other business units. In addition, energy training and energy audits were conducted at all sites this year, making each self-sufficient in delivering sustainability opportunities. There has been a decrease over the past three years in CO2 (Direct) : 2. 9 million metric tons, 2. 9 million metric tons and 2. 8 million metric tons in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Also there has been a decrease over the past three years in water consumption: 91 million m3, 90 million m3 and 87 million m3 in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Technology/ Information Technology Managing innovation sustainably begins with the use of comprehensive analysis tools. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) generates a complete environmental footprint, extending beyond carbon impact to measure total energy and water use and waste production. Also included are the impacts of consumer use of P products, as well as all emissions into the air, water and land. This detailed review pinpoint areas where our innovation efforts can be most effective. Recycle At manufacturing site for perfume in Avenel, New Jersey, P developed a new process for blending scrap material for reprocessing as an ingredient for potpourri. As a result, annual generation of scrap waste at the site has dropped from 50,000 kg to zero. Each site monitors total suspended particulates, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx). Overall, the total air emissions decreased from last year to 15. 9 thousand metric tons. P continues to find innovative recycling methods to change the trend to be more efficient. CSR: Company Policies Disclosure policy Disclosure controls are systems and processes that help ensure that important information is made available to the right people at the right time. The Company requires every area of the business to maintain disclosure controls to provide adequate assurance that significant information is reported to the appropriate levels of the Company – so that the appropriate business steps can be taken to address any issues, and so that the Company can consider whether the information should be disclosed externally Antitrust Policy and Compliance Guidelines Antitrust laws are designed to prohibit agreements among companies that fix prices, divide markets, limit production or otherwise impede or destroy market forces. P policy is that all employees strictly comply with antitrust laws and the competition and anti-monopoly laws of all countries, states and localities in which they conduct P business. Supervisors and managers are responsible for ensuring that employees under their responsibility are aware of and comply with this policy. Child Labor and Worker Exploitation Policy P does not use child or forced labor in any of our global operations or acilities. P do not tolerate unacceptable worker treatment, such as exploitation of children, physical punishment or abuse, or involuntary servitude. The Company respects employees’ right to freedom of association, third party consultation and collective bargaining where all P by law. P expect our suppliers and contractors with whom P do business to uphold the same standards. HIV/AIDS Policy All employees, including those who are HIV infected or with AIDS, are treated consistently with the Company’s Purpose, Values Principles (PVP) by the Company, their managers and coworkers. PG treat employees with HIV/AIDS the same as PG treat those with other serious illnesses. Specifically, an employee who is HIV-infected or with AIDS: have the same employment rights and responsibilities as other employees, has the same eligibility for employee benefits and programs, including medical care and disability coverage, as non-infected employees, is afforded privacy and confidentiality protection consistent with the Company’s handling of confidential, medical or other sensitive information, and is provided management support to remain productive Fair Competition P compete strictly on the merits of our products and services and make no attempts to restrain or limit trade. P do not enter into agreements with competitors concerning prices, production volumes, customers or sales territories. P do not disparage the products or services of a competitor. P collect competitive information through proper public or other lawful channels but do not use information that was obtained illegally or improperly by others, including through misrepresentation, invasion of property or privacy, or coercion. Advertising/Promotion Policies Neither deceptive advertising nor questionable promotional activity can ever be justified. These are vital tenets of P dedication to consumers and essential to gaining and keeping their continuing loyalty to our brands. P observes standards of commercial fairness in devising, using and selecting advertising and promotions, so the products succeed based on their own quality and performance and our reputation as a company, rather than by false or deceptive statements or comparisons. AWARDS 1. In December of 2007, P was honored with the highly prestigious Presidential Ron Brown Award for Corporate Leadership. . International Health Communication Gold Medallion Award, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health — for building market-based relationships that sustain and deliver safe drinking water. 3. Children’s Environmental Health Excellence Award, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency for outstanding leadership in protecting children from environmental risk . 4. Global Leadership Award, United Nations Association of the USA — in part, for providing clean water for millions around the world through the Children’s Safe Drinking Water program. Report is prepared using the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) G3 Guidelines. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (FMCG) FMCG industry primarily deals with the production, distribution and marketing of consumer packaged goods. Some of the prime activities of FMCG industry are selling, marketing, financing, purchasing, etc. The industry also engaged in operations, supply chain, production and general management. With increased competitiveness in the sector, it is critical for an each organization to leverage its social activities in order to gain a competitive advantage. The increased credibility and goodwill earned from the customers and associates is an invaluable intangible asset for the FMCG organization. CSR has now become a part of the corporate strategy thinking. A CSR activity of FMCG companies generally involves improving their processes and brings out change through policy measures. Most of the companies use communication medium and channels partners to showcase their activities and sensitize the population about the issue. Global FMCG companies have presence in more than 50 countries and CSR activities are designed according to the local issues and problems. Business Process: Innovation is the key for P and through innovation company brings efficiency in overall operations. Use of technology to reduce the inventory, waste management and emission reduction issues are some of the activities undertaken. Unilever mainly concentrates on providing more nutritional value to its product and promoting good practices for hygiene. Unilever is also involved in waste management and emission reduction. Company policies: P strongly advocates CSR through its policies and follows the same across all the offices and manufacturing units. Providing right information to consumers, no discrimination of employees on social status or on health issues like AIDS. Unilever mainly controls its supply chain through strict policy measures and make them also socially responsible. Philanthropy Most of the P activities across the globe concentrate on Child welfare. Through Live, Learn and Thrive Program Company provides education, scholarship, safe drinking water to millions of children. Unilever is providing to relief to disaster affected areas. Also wild life preservation and environment conservation initiatives are undertaken. CITIGROUP INC. About the Company: Citigroup Inc. , a global financial services company, provides consumers, corporations, governments, and institutions with a range of financial products and services, including consumer banking and credit, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage, and wealth management. The core citizenship priorities of Citi include microfinance, financial education and asset preservation, and the environment. These are the areas in which Citi holds specific expertise and has an opportunity to make a material difference. We will be discussing the CSR activities undertaken by Citi under two major heads – philanthropy and CSR in business practices. Philanthropy Details Financial literacy The Citi Foundation supports programs that provide individuals with access to knowledge and incentives that help them take control of their financial future by making informed decisions, acquiring and preserving financial assets, and responding to major life events that can affect income and expenses. The specific goals of Citi Foundation program are: †¢Invest over $200 million over ten years in financial education; †¢Support programs to help low income families build and preserve assets. Performance highlights for 2008: Total funding till date has been $149 million. In 2008 alone, Citi invested $28 million in 73 countries. The total number of individuals reached through this program by the year 2008 is 22,344,441. Microfinance The Citi Foundation has been supporting the expansion and evolution of the microfinance industry for decades. Its approach is to: †¢Expand outreach to millions more low-income borrowers †¢Build and preserve borrowers’ assets via savings, housing finance, remittances, insurance, and financial education †¢Build global awareness of microfinance as an effective poverty alleviation tool The highlights of the microfinance initiative of Citi are as follows: Citi Foundation sponsored the Microfinance Banana Skins Survey 2009 that describes the risks facing the microfinance industry. Citi launched an innovative micro-savings product called Citibank Pragati in India. It utilizes a biometric ATM, which can identify customers not only on the basis of a card and a pin, but also by their fingerprints, and it displays and speaks to customers in up to six languages. On May 9, 2007, SKS Microfinance and Citibank announced a $40 Million (Rs. 180 crores) financing program involving Citibank India purchasing loans that are originated by SKS. Community Relations Under its community relations initiative, one of the major programs of Citi has been its Office of Homeownership Preservation (OHP). Through this, Citi is working hard to keep distressed homeowners whose mortgages it owns or services in their homes and out of foreclosure. It established its Office of Homeownership Preservation (OHP) in 2007, as the foreclosure crisis began to emerge. This initiative has helped approximately 440,000 homeowners since 2007 through loss mitigation and proactive loan modification. In the year 2008 OHP: †¢Reached out to 88,000 borrowers †¢Participated in 106 borrower outreach program in 72 cities †¢Trained more than 600 counselors from 304 non-profit organisations †¢Worked with 18,240 borrowers to find foreclosure solutions ‘Plant-a-Tree’ initiative In April 2007, Citi adopted a ‘Plant-a-Tree’ initiative to create environmental awareness by encouraging its credit card holders to switch to paperless statements, planting a tree for each conversion made. CSR in business process Diversity Citi strives to be an ‘Employer of Choice’ by: a. Hiring, training, mentoring and championing individuals from diverse backgrounds. b. Offering training to employees on topics such as â€Å"Championing Diversity,† â€Å"Valuing Diversity and Inclusion at Citi† and â€Å"Leadership Through the Lens of Diversity. † It strives to be a ‘Business Partner of Choice’ by a. Maintaining a diverse supplier base. Its supplier diversity team tries to identify and hire qualified business enterprises owned by minorities, women, and people with disabilities, veterans and disabled veterans. Energy Citi has undertaken various initiatives to conserve energy by following certain practices in its business process. It has developed a ‘Green Energy Community Investment Fund’ which supports the installation of solar electric systems on commercial buildings, especially the ones which are under privileged. Also, between the year 2006 and 2008, it centralized its recycling of e-waste operations in New York. More than 0. 1 million devices were recycled between these two years itself. Citi is also looking at increasing the component of purchases with recycled content in its office supplies. In the year 2008, it increased from 33% to 38%. Employees Citi is particularly focused towards its employees. It provides Employee Assistance Plan (EAP) to help employees manage stresses related to job loss, personal counseling etc. It also offers Flexible Work Strategies program through which the employees can decide when they want, from where they want and how they want to work. Technology In the year 2008, Citi launched ‘log off for Savings’ program. This program involves centrally managing PC sleep settings. This initiative would cut down GHG emissions and save costs too. Another of its initiative, Desktop Standardization Initiative (DSI) deployed ‘Thin Client’ technology which uses anywhere from 6 to 50 watts, versus the 150 to 350 watts used by a standard PC. Citi also plans to reduce number of overall datacenters from 52 to 24. In the year 2008, it has come down to 32 datacenters. Citi has also been adopting ‘virtualization’ to reduce the need for physical resources. It is also trying to conserve energy resources through travel substitution by Using Tele- and video conferencing wherever possible. Climate Change On May 8, 2007, Citi announced that it will direct $50 billion over the next 10 years to address global climate change through investments, financings and related activities to support the commercialization and growth of alternative energy and clean technology among the clients and markets it serves, as well as within its own businesses and operations. In 2008, Citi eliminated six million square feet of office space through the Alternative Workplace Strategies program. Environment and Social Risk Management Policy (ESRM) This policy was developed in 2003 to help address environmental and social issues from both a credit risk perspective and a reputation and franchise risk perspective. The CMB ESRM Policy’s core elements are based on the Equator Principles. The ESRM policy assesses the proceeds from the financial transactions into three categories: ? Category A: Use of proceeds is expected to have a significant adverse impact on society and/or environment. Category B: Use of the proceeds is expected to have limited adverse impact on society and/or environment. ?Category C: Use of proceeds is expected to have minimal adverse impacts. Signatory initiatives Equator Principles In adopting the Equator Principles, Citi agreed to provide loans only to those projects whose borrowers can demonstrate their ability and willingness to co mply with comprehensive processes aimed at ensuring that projects are developed in a socially responsible manner and according to sound environmental management practices. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Citi uses Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G3 Sustainability Guidelines in Citi’s 2008 Citizenship Report. It is a self-declaring a â€Å"B† Application level. The carbon Principles Through its commitment towards the Carbon Principles, Citi has sworn in to †¢Encourage investments in cost effective demand reduction to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions. †¢Encourage clients to invest in cost effective renewable sources of energy and distributed technologies. Assess and reflect the risks in the financing of certain fossil fuel generation in the light of the need to substantially reduce greenhouse gas pollution through its Enhanced Due Diligence process. On September 14, 2009, Citi announced that it has been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI) for the ninth consecutive year, affirming Citi’s position as a global sustainability leader. Associations Citi has many NGO partners: Friends of the Earth (U. S. ), EcoLogic Finance, Forest Trends, Rainforest Action Network, Wildlife Habitat Council, World Wildlife Fund etc. Awards Citizenship Best Corporate Citizen, Second Place in Foreign Company Category Common Wealth Magazine, Taiwan Best Bank for Corporate Social Responsibility The Bank of the Year Competition, Hungary Honorable Mention for Best CSR Award Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance Diversity 100% Corporate Equality Index Human Rights Campaign (United States) – fifth time on the list Employees Best Flexible Work Practices Hong Kong HR Awards 2008 The City Foundation The Citi Foundation is committed to the economic empowerment of individuals and families, particularly those in need, in the communities where it works so that they can improve their standard of living. Citi is particularly interested in supporting program innovations in the following priority focus areas: Microfinance: Help individuals and families improve their lives through economic self-sufficiency and reduce financial vulnerability Small and Growing Businesses: To create employment opportunities and support broad economic growth Education programs: To help improve quality and access to primary and secondary education in Citi markets internationally, and in the United States programs that increase the number of low-income and first-generation students who enroll in postsecondary education and earn a degree Financial Education and Asset Building: To help individuals and families develop the knowledge they need to achieve financial stability HSBC HSBC Holdings plc is a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales in 1990, and headquartered in London since 1993. As of 2009, it is both the world’s largest banking group and the world’s 6th largest company according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine. HSBC has an enormous operational base in Asia and significant lending, investment, and insurance activities around the world. The company has a global reach and financial fundamentals matched by few other banking or financial multinationals CSR at HSBC The focus of HSBC’s work on environmental issues primarily addresses the risks and opportunities associated with climate change and natural resources, including energy, water management, waste and biodiversity. The social initiatives they prioritise include making financial services available more widely and providing access to education. HSBC believe this is the best way to help communities build capacity, financial independence and long-term prosperity. Sustainability at HSBC is overseen by the Corporate Sustainability Committee of the HSBC Holdings Board. The Corporate Sustainability Committee is responsible for advising the HSBC Holdings Board, committees of the Board and executive management on sustainability policies, including environmental, social and ethical issues. Focus Area The main focus of HSBC’s commitments is on two main themes – education and the environment. HSBC believes that we are dependent upon the skills of future generations; if we do not prepare them adequately, we limit our future potential. Access to education can be life changing and helps to equalise opportunity. It is also a prerequisite for economic growth and the development of stable societies. Their educational support focuses on: †¢Disadvantaged children †¢Financial and business literacy †¢Environmental education and understanding They equally believe that the needs of today’s society should not be fulfilled at the expense of future generations. It believes that we are dependent upon the state of the environment, and if we degrade it, we damage our future prospects. Our environmental support focuses on: †¢Climate change †¢Freshwater (e. g. rivers) †¢Biodiversity (plants, forests and animals) Global Education Programmes Opportunities for disadvantaged children – Future First The flagship programme, Future First, has taken on the challenge of helping homeless children, orphans and children in care around the world. For this they are working in partnership with the charity SOS Children’s Villages, among others, with the shared aim to provide access to education and life skills training. This helps the children to grow in confidence and, in time, to make their own contribution to society. Our presence in over 80 countries and territories presents us with a large network of people and resources capable of making a significant difference to these children’s lives. Rural Children Programme China has seen impressive economic growth over the last two decades but a vast disparity remains between the prosperity of rural and urban regions. To help support the ongoing success of the country, HSBC has identified a need to build up the educational infrastructure in rural areas where 95 per cent of primary schools are located. HSBC’s Rural Children Programme aims to improve facilities and provide training to teachers in curriculum design, computer-aided teaching, nutrition and counselling to help support a modern and rounded education for rural children. Financial Literacy Programme – JA More than Money As household debt rises throughout many developed countries and the world faces economic uncertainty, gaining an early understanding of how to create and manage a sustainable income is ever more important for individuals and for society as a whole. HSBC launched JA More than Moneyâ„ ¢ in 2007 in partnership with Junior Achievement Worldwide ®. HSBC colleagues are involved in classroom activities where they draw on their own skills and experience to teach children about earning, spending, sharing and saving money. Promoting environmental education: Eco – Schools Climate Initiative The HSBC Eco-Schools Climate Initiative is run by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) and with HSBC’s support will be able to expand the programme across the world. The programme involves a tried and tested seven step processes to engage the entire population of the school in practical activities to improve their local environment. Through these seven steps, students, parents, teachers and the wider community are encouraged to take a more active role in environmental decision making. Investing in the Environment Protecting the environment is central to HSBC’s sustainability strategy as a carbon neutral organization. They focus on reducing the footprint of their own operations and even encourage their clients and suppliers to do the same. They also partner with leading environmental organizations to achieve shared goals. The Climate Group works with corporate and government leaders in some of the world’s cities to tackle climate change. Participation in the HSBC Climate Partnership has enabled the launch of new offices and recruitment of new members in Beijing, Hong Kong and Delhi plus the launch of the UK Together campaign, helping households save carbon dioxide by providing cheap and easy ways for consumers to reduce their carbon footprint. The HSBC Climate Partnership has helped WWF to support 33 nature reserves in China to tackle increased flooding, reduce pollution and safeguard endangered species in the central and lower Yangtze River. The HSBC Climate Partnership makes up around 80% of HSBC’s overall investment in the environment. It is complemented by a number of local programmes, many of which allow its employees the opportunity to engage in and understand conserving their local environment. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (BANKING) Banks act as financial intermediaries in our society: they price and value financial assets, they monitor borrowers, they manage financial risks and they organize the payment system. By performing these functions, banks have a huge impact on society. They usually require firms and households to adopt certain behaviour in order to increase the chances that these lenders will pay interest and amortizations. As such, they also may affect sustainable development. Socially responsible banking is becoming a well-established notion in the financial services industry. Financial institutions are coming round to the idea that there is more to invest than just to check the figures. In the US, every one out of eight dollars invested is subject to some social or ethical screen. In most countries, private households have the opportunity to save or invest their money not only on the basis of financial rewards, but also in the face of the nonmonetary value of savings and investments. In many OECD countries, specialized banks offer savings accounts to the public while promising that the savings will be used to finance environmentally sound projects or for operations of entrepreneurs who find it hard to get access to finance from institutions that are more conventional. Women and minorities have been targeted specifically in this respect in the US based on so-called community investments. In more than 40 countries – including several developing countries like Brazil and South-Africa – people can put their savings in socially responsible investment funds that in some way or another check for corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the firms in which they invest. Banks increasingly are involved with financing economic activity that aims at sustainable development and offer microcredit to the poor and deprived. Some of the important CSR initiatives taken by various banks are: Reporting Standards Non-financial reporting is a very popular instrument in the banking sector and this is a partial confirmation of CSR’s maturity of the sector. Banks have developed their own reports and use the ‘Global Reporting Initiative’ (GRI) reporting framework. Financial Literacy With growing business banks and other financial institutions have started realizing of creating awareness about financial planning. To address this issue banks have started with financial literacy programs at various levels. Like HSBC has launched JA More than Moneyâ„ ¢ program to educate children on financial planning while on the other hand Citi has various programs targeting adults for the financial literacy. Climate Change and Environment Protection Banking Industry has shown concerns towards changing climatic conditions. Although banks have less impact on the natural environment than, say, the chemical or mining industry, their relatively low impact on environmental sustainability is more than compensated for by their impact on society as a whole. Most of the initiatives are towards reducing the total CO2 emitted not only by them but also by their stake holders forming part of the value chain. Some of the important steps are like commitment of USD50 billion by Citi towards climate control investments, HSBC’s eco-school climate initiative to provide education on climate conservation awareness. Energy Banks are encouraging investments in green energy. The encouragement is mainly in terms of funds and other financial assistance specifically allocated for installation of green energy sources. Recycling of waste and use of recyclable supplies is been done at the institution level by majority of the banks. Vodafone Vodafone is a British mobile network operator, with its headquarters in Berkshire, England, UK. It is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world by turnover, and has a market value of about ? 75 billion (August 2008). Vodafone currently has operations in 31 countries and partner networks in a further 40 countries. Vision : To be world’s mobile communications leader, enriching customers’ lives, helping individuals, businesses and communities be more connected in a mobile world. Vodafone’s latest Corporate Responsibility Report It highlights how the company’s expansion in emerging markets is facilitating economic development by increasing access to communications. The rapid expansion of the network means one of Vodafone’s biggest issues is how to control greenhouse gas emissions. To address this Vodafone recently announced a target to reduce CO2 emissions by 50% by 2020 in its established markets. This year’s report outlines how the company aims to achieve this ambitious goal. Vodafone is also exploring how its products and services can help other industries cut their carbon footprint, and is increasing its focus on managing climate impacts in the supply chain. Vodafone’s social and environmental performance in 2008/09 is reported in its signature ‘We said, We have, We will’ format. CSR in business process Decreased like-for-like carbon emissions by 4. 7% In 2008/09, company’s total CO2 emissions was1. 31 million tonnes, 4. 7% lower than last year despite an increase in energy use. The carbon intensity of the Group’s energy consumption has decreased due to our increased use of green tariff energy – energy generated from renewable sources. This Group reduction target applies to our entire local operating companies that active for a full year in 2006/07; and to their CO2 emissions from all energy ources except business flights and other greenhouse gases. Increased the number of sites powerd by on-site renewable energy by 7. 5% across the Group Vodafone now has 429 base stations powered by on-site renewable energy in eight countries, Diesel is often used to power sites that are not connected to the electricity grid, as well as being used in back-up generators in case of power failure. In 2008/09, diesel use accounted for 6. 3% of our total CO2 emissions from network energy use across the Group. This proportion is higher in our Indian operations. Collected 1. 82 million handsets for reuse and recycling Vodafone has exceeded our target to collect 1. 5 million handsets during 2008/09. Vodafone operating companies continued their efforts to collect handsets for recycling, collecting approximately half a million more handsets than last year – representing a 37% increase. Begun a pilot project to assess capability for recycling e-waste in Mumbai In 2008/09, Vodafone commenced an end-of-life assessment of mobiles in India, particularly in Mumbai, with The Environment Resources Institute. The study aims to assess current practices and devise strategies to improve end-of-life management of mobile phones. Supply chain Vodafone expect all our suppliers to maintain high ethical, environmental and labour standards, and Vodafone work with them to build their CR capability. Our Code of Ethical Purchasing (CEP) sets out our requirements and Vodafone assess new and existing suppliers for compliance with the CEP. Vodafone also engage in industry partnerships to improve CR standards throughout the supply chain for the ICT sector as a whole. Diversity in workforce The strategy, launched in April 2008, aims to ensure that Vodafone’s workforce reflects its diverse customer base and that the company has an inclusive working environment that embraces the benefits diversity brings. Implementation of the strategy is overseen by a global steering committee. The initial focus is on gender and nationality diversity. In 2008/09, 13% of our most senior managers – including three operating company CEOs were female. A total of 23 nationalities were represented in top management bands, an increase on 2007/08. Introduced a new health and safety strategy In February 2009, Vodafone developed a three-year strategic plan to prevent fatalities and ensure effective implementation of our product safety policy. To achieve this, Vodafone will introduce initiatives to promote leadership in health, safety extend our online management and reporting systems, and improve health and safety governance and risk management. Consumer Issues Vodafone’s reputation depends on earning the trust of its customers. Their loyalty is vital to the long-term success of our business. This section covers a range of issues that Vodafone believe play an important part in maintaining customer trust. Important consumer issues include the clarity of our pricing, the responsibility of our marketing material, the way Vodafone handle customer privacy and our measures to protect customers from inappropriate content, contact and commercialism. Vodafone also address other consumer issues such as responsible mobile phone use, driving safety and mobile theft. Safety from RF EMF Developed employee awareness training and awareness initiatives on RF fields Vodafone has made significant investment in e-learning programs, induction briefings and face-to-face training to raise awareness among relevant employees in all our local operating companies to enable them to fulfill their vital role in communicating our approach to RF fields. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has issued guidelines on levels of exposure to RF fields. Vodafone’s policy on Health and Safety of RF Fields requires that all our base stations – and the mobile phones Vodafone sell – comply with ICNIRP guidelines. In fact, RF field exposure from our base stations is typically hundreds, if not thousands, of times below the limits set by the guidelines. Mobile for blind and deaf people Vodafone is currently focusing on making its services easier to use for customers who are: †¢Blind or visually impaired †¢Deaf or hard of hearing †¢Elderly or have special healthcare needs. This text-to-speech software – enabling blind and visually impaired customers to use text messages – is an updated version of Mobile Speak. Health Service vial mobile An mHealth services pre-feasibility study in India. A total of ? 450,598 was provided by the Fund towards these initiatives at 31 March 2009. In 2008/09, Vodafone fostered continued developments in mHealth by partnering with and investing in t+medical, the leading provider of mobile phonebased technology used to transfer patient biometric data. t+Medical’s innovative technology enables patients with chronic diseases to record details about their condition and treatment using their mobile phones. The information is quickly and easily relayed to nurses who can monitor the data and take action if Necessary. Corporate Governance The Board of the Company is committed to high standards of corporate governance, which it considers are critical to business integrity and to maintaining investors’ trust in the Company. The Group expects all its directors and employees to act with honesty, integrity and fairness. The Group will strive to act in accordance with the laws and customs of the countries in which it operates; adopt proper standards of business practice and procedure; operate with integrity; and observe and respect the culture of every country in which it does business. Vodafone Group Plc Annual Report 2008 65 Awards During the year, Vodafone’s 2007 CR report won the main accolade of the Corporate Register Reporting Awards for the best report and was commended by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (â€Å"ACCA†) for the best isclosure in Tax and Public Policy. Vodafone is included in the FTSE4Good and Dow Jones Sustainability Index and rated fifth in the Global Account Ab ility Rating. The Vodafone Group Foundation The Vodafone Group Foundation is a UK registered Charity established by Vodafone Group Plc in 2002. It has invested over ? 100 million in projects since its creation and currently receives ? 24 million per annum from the Vodafone Group Plc which it distributes between projects globally and its unique global footprint of 23 Vodafone Foundations. Vodafone is committed to making a difference in the communities in which it operates. The Vodafone Group Foundation has invested over ? 00 million in projects since its creation in 2002 concentrating on disaster relief, helping disadvantaged children via sport and music initiatives and specific projects across Vodafone’s 23 local Foundations worldwide. Philanthropy Details The Vodafone Group Foundation has donated ? 10m to the United Nations Foundation over five years, part of which has been made available to the Measles Initiative for Immunization programs. As a second phase of their support of these activities, VGF and the UN Foundation have now begun work with WHO on a new program to use technology to improve disease surveillance, a critical aspect of fighting not only measles but many other diseases. The Vodafone Group Foundation partnership is the largest financial commitment made by any corporation to the UN Foundation. Philanthropy in India Vodafone Group Plc has established the Vodafone India Foundation, with an initial commitment of $10 million. This step signifies a further landmark in the development of Vodafone’s presence in India and confirms the Group’s commitment to invest socially in the communities where it operates. This activity will be supported by The Vodafone Group Foundation which has developed a unique network of 23 Foundations around the world during the last five years. Compliance with GRI guidelines Vodafone has benchmarked its CR reporting against the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) sustainability reporting guidelines. The company assess its application of the GRI reporting framework to be at level B+. Independent assurance report to Vodafone KPMG LLP was engaged by Vodafone Group Services Limited to provide assurance over selected aspects of the Vodafone Group plc 2008/09 Corporate Responsibility Report. Conclusion CSR activities are followed worgwide but their ways of approach are different depending upon company and their nature of business. CSR projects are frequently carried out as a cooperative effort; involving external partners can enhance the success and value of the project, and projects can benefit from the experience of local organizations or stakeholders. Companies are faced with the challenge of expanding their reporting to include the social and ecological effects of their business activities. This involves, in particular, maintaining international standards and norms with respect to CSR topics. More and more, however, even socially relevant CSR projects and their effects are being carefully scrutinized. It is no longer enough simply to assert that a project is doing something positive for society The goal is to develop a CSR strategy that addresses the most urgent social needs on the local agenda, while avoiding risks and identifying new opportunities to achieve corporate objectives. In a country with widespread poverty, for example, adapting a company’s products to the resources of low-income consumers can serve a social purpose and at the same time help the company gain access to new customer groups. Providing basic and further training ensures a well trained labor force and alleviates a shortage of qualified workers. Well planned CSR activities can have the immediate effect of helping a company’s business run more smoothly while also ensuring the long-term availability of the workers and resources that are necessary for corporate success. Rather than following fleeting trends or giving in to pressure from NGOs, companies need to integrate sustainable CSR activities into their everyday routine so that they gradually become second nature. Another option is to outsource CSR projects or transfer them to partners with greater expertise and experience in the relevant area. Particularly when projects are too far removed from a company’s core business, it is wise to assign responsibility for them to competent entities or independent structures. CSR projects can only survive if they are integrated into a company’s core business over the long term. It is not simply a matter of developing a positive reputation, but also of shaping sustainable business processes. It is therefore important to review the effectiveness of projects on a regular basis. Accordingly, (CSR) management is responsible for introducing CSR projects that have been successfully launched to the relevant departments and making them part of the company’s core business as independent products and processes. In purchasing, certain social guidelines should be the norm, and environmental standards should be the norm in the area of development. References www. csridentity. com www. csrwire. com www. unilever. com www. citygroupinc. com www. hsbc. com www. pg-india. com www. vodafone. co †¢Sustainibility report of all five companies How to cite Csr of Mnc, Papers

skills you will use to engage with Andrew â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Skills You Will Use To Engage With Andrew? Answer: Introducation In mental health nursing, communication is an essential component for all therapeutic interventions. The knowledge of interpersonal skills while communicating with the client is necessary and develops positive nurse-client relationship. In the given case study, key interpersonal skills are important while communicating with Andrew as he is greatly overwhelmed by the external environment. Skillful communication is required that can make a difference in the ability of Andrew to be engaged in the interview. Interpersonal communication is the building block for the so that Andrew engages properly in the interview. This communication includes a variety of skills that are client-centred communication like listening, paraphrasing, summarizing, questioning and using non-verbal communication (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Listening is the most challenging and essential component that allows the client to talk. While conversing with Andrew, the nurse needs to listen to him and this acts as a therapeutic effect. By employing this, she would be able to give opportunity to Andrew to tell about him when he will feel that he is being heard. In the given case scenario, Andrew spoke in a low monotone voice and listening would make him feel that his feelings are being cared and accepted. It helps to establish a trust worthy relationship when the nurse hear and understand him. It would help Andrew to feel less isolated and loosely connected with the present. Therefore, the nurse should provide time to Andrew to tell his story or experiences, with a purpose of understanding his concerns and paying full attention to what he says and tuning of the internal and external distractions (Bramhall, 2014). Paraphrasing is also a way of interpersonal communication where it helps to express the core message of the client in own words. The nurse should be careful during paraphrasing as the words should be different and does not change the meaning. It would help to demonstrate that the nurse heard whatever Andrew has said and feel supportive about it. It would also help to check clarity and understand rather than questioning (Morgan Yoder, 2012). Summarizing would help Andrew to assess and reassure that the nurse heard him correctly and provide chance for clearing the misunderstandings. In addition, questioning would also help Andrew to be engaged in the conversation Questioning is associated with probing skills with open-ended questions that gives a full descriptive picture (Lin et al., 2013). As Andrew mentioned that he experience hearing voices, then when, how, what" type of questions involving the hearing of voices would help focus on his cognition, behaviour, beliefs and thoughts. Non-verbal skills are important called SOLER methods that involves S; sitting facing Andrew, O: open posture, L: leaning towards him, E: maintaining eye contact and R: relaxed posture (Perry et al., 2013). The above mentioned interpersonal skills would help to engage with Andrew. The doctor stated that Andrew has symptoms of a psychosis. Using correct clinical terms and the clinical cues in the scenario, discuss three important signs and symptoms that support the doctors opinion There are certain clues in the scenario that are significant and indicate psychosis in Andrew. Psychosis is a condition where a person has impaired relationship with the reality. They experience either delusions or hallucinations that are the recognising symptoms for psychosis. In the given case scenario, Andrew experiences auditory hallucinations where he mentioned that he could hear people talking about him. However, there was no person in the room and no external distractions. He even stated that he could clearly hear voices talking about him. Hallucination is sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli. This means that the person sees, hears, feels or smells that is not present. Andrew experience auditory hallucinations where he can hear voices and communicate with them. He could experience false perceptions of sound that have no real origin and connection with the outer world. It seems real to Andrew and these experiences are frightening characterized by emotions and thinking that are impaired (Oorschot et al., 2012). The person who experiences psychotic symptoms has thoughts that are contradictory to the real situation. They even face social withdrawal and loss of motivation. These are called delusions where a person holds false beliefs and impression that are contradicted by the reality. In this given case scenario, Andrew spoke of evidence that people are conspiring against him and electrical items kept outside his unit that are being operated to interfere with his thoughts and claimed that other people are discussing to conspire and trying to put him into trouble. He has false belief and convinced that real people does not know who they are (Vorontsova, Garety Freeman, 2013). Andrew also illustrated disorganized speech and switched topics erratically. During the interview, he suddenly started saying that people in his university are ASIO spies who conspire against him. They have fitted a transmitter chip in his brain that can monitor his thoughts. These thoughts are highly loose and implausible that has no connection with the reality. A person experiencing psychosis shows the symptoms of erratic and disorganized speech in the later stages. The speech is incoherent in nature and hard to follow (Brenner et al., 2016). These above three signs and symptoms clearly explain that Andrew has symptoms of psychosis that clearly supports the doctors opinion. Andrew asks you why he has a prescription for medication. Briefly discuss how you would respond The nurse needs to explain the pharmacology of the medication to Andrew and the psychotic symptoms that he is suffering from. In psychosis, the presentation is not clear to the patient as the patient lacks insight that is distressing for the person and his or her family. Risperidone1 mgnocte was prescribed to Andrew before he left the clinic. As a nurse, she has to explain the pharmacology of the medicine to him. This medicine is used to treat mood disorder that helps one to think clearly and lead a normal life. Risperidone is an anti-psychotic drug that helps to restore the natural substances and its balance in the brain (Prez-Iglesias et al., 2012). Through free speech and lucid language, she needs to explain the mechanism of the prescribed medicine. She needs to explain to him that by taking this medicine, he would feel better and relax his mind. He need to be explained the voices that he hear would decrease if he takes this medicine regularly and greatly improve his mood, thinking and behaviour. The nurse needs to convince him that by taking this medication, nobody would be able to read his thoughts and manipulate those (Meltzer et al., 2014). Apart from this, he also needs to be informed about the side effects of the medicine like dizziness, drowsiness, nausea or tiredness and tell him to inform the doctor when he experiences any of these side effects. He should not panic and lie down and take rest if he experiences any if these side effects. Moreover, he should be explained on how to take the medicine. He should take the tablet in his mouth that would dissolve in few seconds. This drug can be taken with or without food and s hould continue the medicine as directed by saying him that he would feel better and think more clearly. He should be warned not to continue the medicine without the doctors approval and improve his general health (Koivunen et al., 2012). He should also be cautioned not to engage in activities that require alertness like driving or machinery use. He should be warned not to take alcohol while taking this medicine and not to overdose it, without consulting the doctor. The nurse should clearly say him not to share this drug with anyone else and not to skip any dose and need to be taken on a daily basis. She should inform Andrew to take the medicine at the scheduled time and even if he misses, he should not double up the dose. Patient education regarding risperidone would help Andrew comply with the medication and improve his health (Pitknen et al., 2012). The GP has requested Andrew is informed and carefully monitored over the next few weeks. Briefly discuss your plan Before the careful monitoring, Andrew need to be informed about his psychotic condition as he is experiencing delusions, auditory hallucinations and have distorted thoughts. For this, an empathetic communication is required where the nurse would explain the distinguishing psychotic signs and symptoms to the patient in a clear language that avoid confusion regarding medical jargons. Value of truthfulness is given priority in healthcare and treatment and so he should know about his medical condition and clearly monitor his condition until the next appointment (Minzenberg et al., 2014). Before he leaves, he should be informed that would help him to monitor his condition as well as the side effects of the prescribed medication. He should be informed to monitor his weight, pulse and blood pressure over the next two weeks before he comes for the next appointment with the GP. This measure is important, as diabetes, weight gain, breathing problems and increase in heart rate are the common problems associated with psychosis. He should monitor for the side effects of the medicine like less sweating, dizziness, drowsiness and nausea and in case, he is experiencing he should inform the GP. This monitoring is important that help to understand the positive symptoms and degree of psychosis in the patient (Brookwell, Bentall Varese, 2013). He should be provided with every piece of information that he need to know before leaving the clinic that make him well informed about his condition until his next appointment. When he is informed, he can take proper care of himself, become aware of his psychotic condition and enhance compliance. He should monitor his sleep patterns, appetite and any abnormality in his behaviour. Psychotic education is important for him to know the condition of psychosis (Waghorn et al., 2012). He should also be informed about the physical and health assessment tests required and how to access the healthcare services. Accordingly, the nurse should fix the next appointment in two weeks for the physical and mental assessment of Andrew. Apart from monitoring, Andrew should be taught about self-care strategies like getting proper sleep, eating well and seek help and support from friends. Providing information to Andrew would enhance self-advocacy over his health. Through careful monitoring, he would be able to understand his present psychotic episode that would be helpful for the health assessment in the next appointment with the GP. References Bramhall, E. (2014). Effective communication skills in nursing practice.Nursing standard,29(14), 53-59. Brenner, C., Ratzliff, A., Unutzer, J., Katon, W., Stephens, K. A. (2016). Psychotic Disorders.Integrated Care: Creating Effective Mental and Primary Health Care Teams, 101-123. Brookwell, M. L., Bentall, R. P., Varese, F. (2013). Externalizing biases and hallucinations in source-monitoring, self-monitoring and signal detection studies: a meta-analytic review.Psychological medicine,43(12), 2465-2475. Koivunen, M., Huhtasalo, J., Makkonen, P., Vlimki, M., Htnen, H. (2012). Nurses' roles in systematic patient education sessions in psychiatric nursing.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,19(6), 546-554. Lin, E. C. L., Chen, S. L., Chao, S. Y., Chen, Y. C. (2013). Using standardized patient with immediate feedback and group discussion to teach interpersonal and communication skills to advanced practice nursing students.Nurse education today,33(6), 677-683. Meltzer, H. Y., Elkis, H., Vanover, K., Weiner, D. M., van Kammen, D. P., Peters, P., Hacksell, U. (2012). Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin (5-HT) 2A-inverse agonist, enhances the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 2mg/day, but does not enhance efficacy of haloperidol, 2mg/day: comparison with reference dose risperidone, 6mg/day.Schizophrenia research,141(2), 144-152. Minzenberg, M. J., Gomes, G. C., Yoon, J. H., Swaab, T. Y., Carter, C. S. (2014). Disrupted action monitoring in recent-onset psychosis patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging,221(1), 114-121. Morgan, S., Yoder, L. H. (2012). A concept analysis of person-centered care.Journal of Holistic Nursing,30(1), 6-15. Oorschot, M., Lataster, T., Thewissen, V., Bentall, R., Delespaul, P., Myin-Germeys, I. (2012). Temporal dynamics of visual and auditory hallucinations in psychosis.Schizophrenia research,140(1), 77-82. Prez-Iglesias, R., Mata, I., Martnez-Garca, O., Garcia-Unzueta, M. T., Amado, J. A., Valdizn, E. M., ... Crespo-Facorro, B. (2012). Long-term effect of haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone on plasma prolactin levels in patients with first-episode psychosis.Journal of clinical psychopharmacology,32(6), 804-808. Perry, J., Watkins, M., Gilbert, A., Rawlinson, J. (2013). A systematic review of the evidence on service user involvement in interpersonal skills training of mental health students.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,20(6), 525-540. Pitknen, A., Vlimki, M., Kuosmanen, L., Katajisto, J., Koivunen, M., Htnen, H., ... Knapp, M. (2012). Patient education methods to support quality of life and functional ability among patients with schizophrenia: a randomised clinical trial.Quality of Life Research,21(2), 247-256. Stein-Parbury, J. (2013).Patient and person: Interpersonal skills in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Vorontsova, N., Garety, P., Freeman, D. (2013). Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.Journal of abnormal psychology,122(4), 1121. Waghorn, G., Saha, S., Harvey, C., Morgan, V. A., Waterreus, A., Bush, R., ... McGorry, P. (2012). Earning and learningin those with psychotic disorders: The second Australian national survey of psychosis.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,46(8), 774-785.